The emission and application of patterned electromagnetic energy on biological systems.

From the assembly of intricate biomolecules to the construction of tissues and organs from homogenous embryonic cells, patterns permeate throughout biological systems. Whereas molecules govern the multiform signalling pathways necessary to direct anatomy and physiology, biophysical correlates are inextricably paired to each and every chemical reaction – yielding a constant interplay between matter and energy. Electromagnetic energies represented as propagating photons or electromagnetic fields have shown to contain complex information that is specific to their paired molecular events. The central aim of this thesis was to determine whether these biophysical signatures or patterns can be obtained from biomolecules and subsequently be used in lieu of the chemical itself within a molecular cascade to elicit desired effects within biological systems. The findings presented here show that using a novel bioinformatics tool, namely the Cosic Resonant Recognition Model (RRM), biomolecules (proteins) can recognize their particular targets and vice versa by dynamic electromagnetic resonance. We also show using fundamental units of energies that this dynamic electromagnetic resonance is within the visible spectrum and can be used to define molecular pathways such as the ERK-MAP pathway, or distinctive viral proteins that mark certain pathogens such as Zika or Ebola viruses. Further findings presented herein show that these electromagnetic patterns derived from biomolecules can be detected using modern technologies such as photomultiplier tubes, and as every signature is unique to that system, can be used to identify insidious systems such as cancers from healthy populations. Furthermore, it is now possible to capture these unique electromagnetic signatures of biomolecules, parse the signals from the noise, and re-apply these patterns back onto systems to elicit effects such as altered proliferation rates of cancers or regenerative systems. The series of theoretical models and investigations outlined here clearly profiles the predominant electronic nature of the living matrix and its constituents, which lays the groundwork for reshaping our knowledge of cellular mechanisms that ultimately drive physiology, medicine and the development of effective diagnostic, preventative or therapeutic tools.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Biomolecular Science

Experimental Demonstration That Aharanov-Bohm Phase Shift Voltages In Optical Coupler Circuits of Tuned Patterned Magnetic Fields Is Critical for Inhibition of Malignant Cell Growth

The physical processes by which specific point duration magnetic fields affect aberrant expressions of living matter may involve non-classical mechanisms.The Aharanov-Bohm voltage for a quantum of energy that is convergent with the quotient of the protons magnetic moment to its charge multiplied by the viscosity of water at homeostatic temperatures applied across the distance of O-H bonds in conjunction with its phase modulation is about ±4.3 V. Application of frequency shifting, temporally-patterned magnetic fields produced by 3 ms point durations at average intensities of ~28 mG (that are equivalent to Nernst thresholds for plasma membranes) generated through optocoupler light emitting diodes produced the strongest inhibition of malignant cells growth when the pre-coupler value for the circuit maintenance was ±4.3 V compared to increments of voltage below or above this value. Spatial expansion of the effective zone for growth diminishment also occurred with this pre-voltage level. These results indicate that phase modulation of the electrons mediating cellular molecular pathways may be central to the etiology and potential treatment of malignant cells but not for normal cells dynamics. Consideration of quantum effects rather than classical electromagnetic theory may be a more effective strategy for impeding the physical bases for the molecular pathways that define malignant cells

Physical and chemical changes in planarian and non-living aqueous systems from exposure to temporally patterned magnetic fields

Planarian maintained in spring water and exposed for two hours to temporally patterned, weak (1 to 5 μT) magnetic field in the dark displayed diminished mobility that simulated the effects of morphine and enhanced this effect at concentrations associated with receptor subtypes. A single (5 hr) exposure to this same pattern following several days of exposure to a very complex patterned field in darkness dissolved the planarian and was associated with an expansion of their volume. Spectral power density analyses of direct measurements of the spring water only following exposure to this field in darkness showed emission spectra that were displayed from control conditions by ~10 nm and associated with an energy increment of ~10-20 J. This value is an intrinsic solution for the physical properties of the water molecule. “Shielding” the exposed water with plastic, aluminum foil or copper foil indicated that only the latter eliminated a powerful spike in photon emission around 280 nm. Continuous measurement of pH indicated that the slow shift towards alkalinity over 12 hours of exposure was associated with enhanced transient pH shifts of .02 units with typical durations between 20 and 40 ms. These results indicate that the appropriately patterned and amplitude of magnetic field that affects water directly could mediate some of the powerful effects displayed by biological aquatic systems.Master's These

Self-Similarity and Spatial Periodicity in Cerebral Cortical Patterning: Structural Design Notes for Neural Tissue Architects

Tissue engineering is a powerful tool with which to systematically identify the determinants of biological functions. Applied to the design and fabrication of biomimetic brains, tissue engineering serves to disentangle the complex anatomy of neural circuits and pathways by recapitulating structure-function relationships in simplified model systems. The complex neuroanatomy of the cerebral cortex, with its enigmatic columnar and stratified cytoarchitectonic organization, represents a major challenge toward isolating the minimal set of elements that are required to assemble neural tissues with cognitive functions. Whereas considerable efforts have highlighted important genetic and physical correlates of early cortical tissue patterning, no substantive attempt to identify the determinants of how the cortices acquire their relatively conserved, narrow range of numbered layers is evident in the literature. Similarly, it is not yet clear whether cortical columns and laminae are functionally relevant or epiphenomena of embryonic neurodevelopment. Here, we demonstrate that spatial frequencies (m−1) derived from the width-to-height ratios of cerebral cortical columns predict sinusoids with a narrow range of spatial cycles over the average cortical thickness. The resulting periodicities, denoted by theoretical wavenumbers, reflect the number of observed cortical layers among humans and across several other species as revealed by a comparative anatomy approach. We present a hypothesis that cortical columns and their periodic layers are emergent of the intrinsic spatial dimensions of neurons and their nested, self-similar aggregate structures including minicolumns. Finally, we discuss the implications of periodic tissue patterns in the context of neural tissue engineering

Biophotonic markers of malignancy: Discriminating cancers using wavelength-specific biophotons

Early detection is a critically important factor when successfully diagnosing and treating cancer. Whereas contemporary molecular techniques are capable of identifying biomarkers associated with cancer, surgical interventions are required to biopsy tissue. The common imaging alternative, positron-emission tomography (PET), involves the use of nuclear material which poses some risks. Novel, non-invasive techniques to assess the degree to which tissues express malignant properties are now needed. Recent developments in biophoton research have made it possible to discriminate cancerous cells from normal cells both in vitro and in vivo. The current study expands upon a growing body of literature where we classified and characterized malignant and non-malignant cell types according to their biophotonic activity. Using wavelength-exclusion filters, we demonstrate that ratios between infrared and ultraviolet photon emissions differentiate cancer and non-cancer cell types. Further, we identified photon sources associated with three filters (420-nm, 620-nm., and 950-nm) which classified cancer and non-cancer cell types. The temporal increases in biophoton emission within these wavelength bandwidths is shown to be coupled with intrisitic biomolecular events using Cosic's resonant recognition model. Together, the findings suggest that the use of wavelength-exclusion filters in biophotonic measurement can be employed to detect cancer in vitro

Inverse relationship between photon flux densities and nanotesla magnetic fields over cell aggregates: Quantitative evidence for energetic conservation

The quantitative relationship between local changes in magnetic fields and photon emissions within ∼2 mm of aggregates of 105–106 cells was explored experimentally. The vertical component of the earth's magnetic field as measured by different magnetometers was ∼15 nT higher when plates of cells removed from incubation were measured compared to plates containing only medium. Additional experiments indicated an inverse relationship over the first ∼45 min between changes in photon counts (∼10−12W·m−2) following removal from incubation and similar changes in magnetic field intensity. Calculations indicated that the energy within the aqueous volume containing the cells was equivalent for that associated with the flux densities of the magnetic fields and the photon emissions. For every approximately 1 nT increase in magnetic field intensity value there was a decrease of ∼2 photons (equivalent of 10−18J). These results complement correlation studies and suggest there may be a conservation of energy between expression as magnetic fields that are subtracted or added to the adjacent geomagnetic field and reciprocal changes in photon emissions when aggregates of cells within a specific volume of medium (water) adapt to new environments

Ultraweak Photon Emissions as a Non-Invasive, Early-Malignancy Detection Tool: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study

Early detection of cancer improves treatment options and increases survival. Building upon previous demonstrations that ultraweak photon emissions (UPE) could be measured to detect cancers, we designed an early detection protocol to test malignancy in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Photons were measured for 100 s from plates containing ~1 million malignant or non-malignant cells from 13 different types of human and mouse cell lines. Tumor cells displayed increased photon emissions compared to non-malignant cells. Examining the standardized Spectral Power Density (SPD) configurations for flux densities between 0.1 and 25 Hz (Δf = 0.01 Hz) yielded 90% discriminant accuracy. The emission profiles of mice that had been injected with melanoma cells could be differentiated from a non-malignant reference groups as early as 24 h post-injection. The peak SPD associated with photon emissions was ~20 Hz for both malignant cell cultures and mice with growing tumors. These results extend the original suggestion by Takeda and his colleagues (2004) published in this journal concerning the potential diagnostic value of UPEs for assessing proliferations of carcinoma cells. The specificity of the spectral profile in the 20 Hz range may be relevant to the consistent efficacy reported by several authors that weak magnetic field pulsations within this frequency range can diminish the growth of malignant cells in culture and tumor weights in mice

Temporally-Patterned Magnetic Fields Induce Complete Fragmentation in Planaria

<div><p>A tandem sequence composed of weak temporally-patterned magnetic fields was discovered that produced 100% dissolution of planarian in their home environment. After five consecutive days of 6.5 hr exposure to a frequency-modulated magnetic field (0.1 to 2 µT), immediately followed by an additional 6.5 hr exposure on the fifth day, to another complex field (0.5 to 5 µT) with exponentially increasing spectral power 100% of planarian dissolved within 24 hr. Reversal of the sequence of the fields or presentation of only one pattern for the same duration did not produce this effect. Direct video evidence showed expansion (by visual estimation ∼twice normal volume) of the planarian following the first field pattern followed by size reduction (estimated ∼1/2 of normal volume) and death upon activation of the second pattern. The contortions displayed by the planarian during the last field exposure suggest effects on contractile proteins and alterations in the cell membrane’s permeability to water.</p></div